How to do a two-dimensional lookup in Excel and Google Sheets

Excel & Google Sheets

=INDEX($B$2:$D$4,MATCH("South",$A$2:$A$4,0),MATCH("Q2",$B$1:$D$1,0))

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Verified example

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=INDEX($B$2:$D$4,MATCH("South",$A$2:$A$4,0),MATCH("Q2",$B$1:$D$1,0))→950

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Formula

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1Set up a grid with row labels in column A and column headers in row 1 (e.g. regions down the side, quarters across the top).
2Write the row MATCH: MATCH(rowLookup,$A$2:$A$100,0) to find which row the region is in.
3Write the column MATCH: MATCH(colLookup,$B$1:$Z$1,0) to find which column the quarter is in. Combine: =INDEX(data_range,rowMATCH,colMATCH).

Reference lookup values from cells (e.g. G1 for the row label and H1 for the column header) rather than hardcoding strings so the formula is interactive.

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Describe your columns in plain English and get the precise formula for your sheet, with the right Excel or Sheets syntax.

Yes. In Excel 365 and Google Sheets: =XLOOKUP(colLookup,$B$1:$D$1,XLOOKUP(rowLookup,$A$2:$A$10,$B$2:$D$10)) nests two XLOOKUPs for the same result.

Written and reviewed by FormulaCraft Team. Each formula on this page is run through our verification engine before publishing.

Last reviewed: May 28, 2026